一、常見故障類型及表現(xiàn)

1、 Common types and manifestations of faults

（一）光學(xué)成像故障

（1） Optical imaging malfunction

鏡頭作為內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備的 “眼睛”，一旦出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，會(huì)直接影響成像質(zhì)量。鏡頭表面的劃痕、污垢、磨損，或是鏡頭內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)霧氣、水珠，都可能導(dǎo)致圖像模糊不清。此外，鏡頭破裂、損壞還會(huì)造成部分視野缺失或圖像變形。照明系統(tǒng)故障也較為常見，照明燈泡故障、光纖損壞或斷裂，會(huì)使進(jìn)入內(nèi)窺鏡的光線不足，導(dǎo)致視野光線昏暗；照明部分組件損壞，則可能造成光線在視野內(nèi)分布不均勻。

As the "eyes" of endoscopic equipment, once there is a problem with the lens, it will directly affect the imaging quality. Scratches, dirt, and wear on the surface of the lens, or the presence of fog and water droplets inside the lens, can all cause blurry images. In addition, lens breakage or damage can also cause partial field of view loss or image distortion. Lighting system failures are also common, such as lighting bulb malfunctions, fiber optic damage or breakage, which can cause insufficient light to enter the endoscope, resulting in dim field of view; If the lighting components are damaged, it may cause uneven distribution of light within the field of view.

（二）機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)故障

（2） Mechanical structural failure

插入管是內(nèi)窺鏡深入檢測(cè)區(qū)域的關(guān)鍵部件，其外皮破損、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變形，會(huì)導(dǎo)致插入過(guò)程中彎曲不順暢或卡頓。此外，插入管破裂還會(huì)引發(fā)漏水問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而影響內(nèi)部的光學(xué)和電氣系統(tǒng)。操作手柄部分的控制按鈕若出現(xiàn)損壞、接觸不良等情況，會(huì)使操作功能無(wú)法正常執(zhí)行，如焦距、角度調(diào)節(jié)失靈；與主機(jī)連接的線纜斷裂，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致信號(hào)傳輸中斷，造成圖像消失或出現(xiàn)干擾。

The insertion tube is a key component for endoscopes to penetrate into the detection area, and its outer skin is damaged or its internal structure is deformed, which can cause uneven bending or jamming during the insertion process. In addition, the rupture of the insertion tube can also cause water leakage problems, which in turn affect the internal optical and electrical systems. If the control buttons on the operating handle are damaged or have poor contact, it will prevent the normal execution of the operating functions, such as the failure of focal length and angle adjustment; A broken cable connected to the host can also cause signal transmission interruption, resulting in image disappearance or interference.

（三）電氣系統(tǒng)故障

（3） Electrical system malfunction

內(nèi)部電路故障會(huì)引發(fā)短路或斷路問(wèn)題，致使內(nèi)窺鏡完全無(wú)法工作，或工作不穩(wěn)定。而與主機(jī)或其他設(shè)備連接部位的松動(dòng)、接觸不良，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致圖像丟失、信號(hào)不穩(wěn)定。

Internal circuit faults can cause short circuits or open circuits, resulting in the endoscope being completely inoperable or unstable. Loose connections or poor contact with the host or other devices can also lead to image loss and unstable signals.

二、維修流程與技術(shù)要點(diǎn)

2、 Maintenance process and technical points

（一）故障診斷

（1） Fault diagnosis

專業(yè)維修人員會(huì)先對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行全面的外觀檢查，查看是否有明顯的物理?yè)p壞，如外殼破裂、線纜磨損等。之后開展功能測(cè)試，模擬設(shè)備的正常使用場(chǎng)景，觀察設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，分析故障表現(xiàn)。例如，在檢查成像質(zhì)量時(shí)，會(huì)使用專業(yè)的圖像測(cè)試工具，評(píng)估圖像的清晰度、色彩還原度等參數(shù)。對(duì)于一些復(fù)雜的故障，還會(huì)借助專業(yè)的檢測(cè)設(shè)備，如示波器、萬(wàn)用表等，對(duì)電路進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，確定故障的具體位置和原因。

Professional maintenance personnel will first conduct a comprehensive visual inspection of the equipment to see if there are any obvious physical damages, such as shell rupture, cable wear, etc. Afterwards, functional testing will be conducted to simulate the normal usage scenarios of the equipment, observe the operating status of the equipment, and analyze the fault manifestations. For example, when checking imaging quality, professional image testing tools are used to evaluate parameters such as image clarity and color reproduction. For some complex faults, professional testing equipment such as oscilloscopes and multimeters will be used to detect the circuit and determine the specific location and cause of the fault.

（二）維修實(shí)施

（2） Maintenance implementation

針對(duì)不同的故障類型，維修人員會(huì)采取相應(yīng)的維修措施。對(duì)于光學(xué)成像故障，若鏡頭表面有污垢，會(huì)使用專業(yè)的清潔工具和試劑進(jìn)行清潔；若鏡頭出現(xiàn)劃痕或損壞，可能需要更換新的鏡頭組件。照明系統(tǒng)故障則需根據(jù)具體情況，更換損壞的燈泡或光纖。在處理機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)故障時(shí)，對(duì)于插入管外皮破損，可采用特殊的修復(fù)材料進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)；若內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變形嚴(yán)重，可能需要更換整個(gè)插入管。操作手柄的按鈕和線纜故障，一般通過(guò)更換損壞的部件來(lái)解決。電氣系統(tǒng)故障較為復(fù)雜，需要具備扎實(shí)的電路知識(shí)和豐富的維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)故障電路進(jìn)行修復(fù)或更換故障元件。

For different types of faults, maintenance personnel will take corresponding maintenance measures. For optical imaging faults, if there is dirt on the surface of the lens, professional cleaning tools and reagents will be used for cleaning; If the lens is scratched or damaged, it may need to be replaced with a new lens component. If there is a malfunction in the lighting system, the damaged light bulb or fiber optic cable needs to be replaced according to the specific situation. When dealing with mechanical structural failures, special repair materials can be used to repair the damaged outer skin of the insertion tube; If the internal structure is severely deformed, it may be necessary to replace the entire insertion tube. Button and cable faults in the joystick are usually resolved by replacing damaged components. Electrical system faults are relatively complex and require solid circuit knowledge and rich maintenance experience to repair or replace faulty components in faulty circuits.

（三）質(zhì)量檢測(cè)

（3） Quality inspection

維修完成后，需對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)。再次進(jìn)行功能測(cè)試，確保設(shè)備各項(xiàng)功能恢復(fù)正常。同時(shí)，還會(huì)進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試，如檢測(cè)成像質(zhì)量、機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活性、電氣系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性等，確保設(shè)備達(dá)到或接近原有的性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。只有通過(guò)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)的設(shè)備，才能交付使用。

After the maintenance is completed, strict quality inspection of the equipment is required. Perform functional testing again to ensure that all functions of the device are restored to normal. At the same time, performance testing will also be conducted, such as detecting imaging quality, flexibility of mechanical structures, stability of electrical systems, etc., to ensure that the equipment meets or approaches the original performance standards. Only equipment that has passed quality testing can be delivered for use.

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